• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A continuous process of expanding tobacco with carbon dioxide and ammonia is disclosed which comprises contacting tobacco with concentrated ammonium hydroxide, mixing the ammonium hydroxide-treated tobacco with ground solid carbon dioxide, thereafter expanding the tobacco by means of heat and equilibrating the expanded tobacco until equilibrium moisture content is attained. Concentrated aqueous solutions of ammonium carbamate may be substituted for the ammonium hydroxide and solid carbon dioxide in the process. The tobacco may be expanded in an atmosphere of hot steam or gas, or by means of microwave or radiant heat energy. The process allows impregnation and expansion of tobacco to be effected without interruption on a production line.
    公开号:SU1012784A3
    申请号:SU792780855
    申请日:1979-06-01
    公开日:1983-04-15
    发明作者:Т.Лендвэй Эндрю；М.Спэнн Билли
    申请人:Филип Моррис Инкорпорейтед (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    This invention relates to the tobacco industry, and specifically to a method for increasing the volume of tobacco. It is known that it is desirable to increase the mass or volume of tobacco .... Among the various reasons for such an increase in mass or volume, is the compensation for weight loss that is caused by the process of manufacturing tobacco products. Increasing the ability to fill allows the use of smaller quantities of tobacco in the production of dense cigarette bars, etc., and results in a reduced release of tar and nicotine as compared with a similar product made from tobacco of an increased volume. There is a method of increasing the volume of tobacco, carried out by exposing the tobacco to a gas under pressure, as a result of which the gas penetrates into the substances that make up the tobacco, then the pressure is instantly released, and as a result the gas is captured by an expanded volume of tobacco. Among the gases that can be used in this way, air, carbon dioxide and steam should be noted. In order to facilitate the process, the gas can be heated. C 1 The disadvantages of this method are the insufficient increase in the volume of tobacco, as well as the use of expensive equipment or the introduction of impurities into the tobacco. There is a method of increasing the volume of tobacco, which involves the processing of tobacco treatment with ammonium hydroxide, carbon dioxide, heating and holding C2. However, this method does not ensure the continuity of the process of impregnation and an increase in the volume of tobacco, which occurs over its duration. The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the process of increasing the volume of tobacco. The goal is achieved in that according to the method of increasing the volume of tobacco, which involves the processing of tobacco with ammonium hydroxide, carbon dioxide, heating and aging, the tobacco is first treated with aglmonium hydroxide in the form of its concentrated solution for at least one minute, and then carbon dioxide by mixing tobacco with particles of solid carbon dioxide. In addition, the amount of solid carbon dioxide needed to mix with tobacco is twice as large as the amount of carbon dioxide used. uemoy ammonium hydroxide for processing tobacco. Preferably, treatment of tobacco with ammonium hydroxide is carried out until it contains ammonia in an amount of 2.5-10% by weight of tobacco. When processing ammonium hydroxide, tobacco can be placed on a vibrating conveyor. Heating is carried out in this case by exposure to radiant or microwave energy. The essence of the invention is that the tobacco is brought into contact with an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide and then solid carbon dioxide, which is preferably in a milled state. The tobacco is then fed to an expansion zone in which the impregnated tobacco can increase its volume as a result of the circulation and expansion of the tobacco, for example, in a cyclone method, in an atmosphere of heated air or pardine, using a source of heat or microwave energy; After leaving the expansion zone, the tobacco is equilibrated at 24 ° C and a relative humidity of 60%, after which a significant increase in the volume of tobacco is observed. The proposed method can be used to process sorted tobacco, selected parts of the tobacco, such as tobacco stalks, cut or shredded tobacco, as well as whole tobacco leaves. When sorted tobacco is used, it is preferably used in a ground form. This method is a continuous volume expansion impregnation method that can be applied without breaking the production process line. Tobacco can be continuously supplied to an open conveyor, such as a vibrating conveyor, and / or to a rotary drum, where it is sprayed or otherwise brought into contact with ammonium hydroxide. Solutions with an ammonia concentration of 3060% are preferred. If desired, ammonium hydroxide solutions can be cooled before contacting with tobacco, which is done to reduce the vapor pressure, as well as to dissipate the heat of reaction generated by the addition of ammonium hydroxide and carbon dioxide to tobacco. As a rule, this amount of ammonium hydroxide should be used in order for at least 1 wt.% Of ammonia to penetrate into tobacco. Preferably, the tobacco is in contact with the hydroxide solution for a time sufficient to impregnate the tobacco with 2.5-10% ammonia based on the weight of the tobacco, the tobacco jojTKceH remain in contact with the ammonium hydroxide for a time sufficient for the hydroxide hydroxide to penetrate into tobacco. Although ammonia easily penetrates into the table and is treated with ammonium hydroxide, tobacco is preferably mixed or mixed carefully, which promotes efficient and uniform absorption. As a result of tumbling or vibrating treatment of a tank for at least one minute and, as a rule, a sufficient and uniform absorption occurs for more than 10 minutes. After absorption of ammonium hydroxide, tobacco is brought into contact with solid carbon dioxide, preferably in a ground state. The amount of carbon dioxide used should be sufficient to compensate for the heat of carbon dioxide, ammonia and moisture, and should be such that sufficient amount of carbon dioxide is released for the second stage of carbonation. Dusty solid carbon dioxide in an amount twice as large as the amount of ammonium hydroxide used is usually adequately used to provide sufficient carbon dioxide for absorption into tobacco 2-8 wt.% Carbon dioxide and to maintain a relatively low squeezing temperature in the system. Preferably, the tobacco is mixed with the pulverized solid carbon dioxide in such a way that it provides a uniform distribution in the tobacco mass and for a time that allows the reaction of carbon dioxide to be completed with the hydroxide a1: 1 they. Thus, as in the case of ammonium hydroxide, tobacco is preferably mixed with carbon dioxide using vibrating lini rotors, l for at least one and not more than 10 minutes. After mixing, the impregnated tobacco is supplied to the volume expansion zone, which progresses (it increases, and then tobacco is allowed to achieve an equilibrium moisture content. Ammonium hydroxide and solid carbon dioxide can be replaced with concentrated aqueous solutions of ammonium carbamate. Preferred are solution % l of ammonium carbamate containing 40-60% salt. In t-cases when the aqueous solution of acmonium carbamate changes, the impregnated tobacco can be directly supplied to the zone of increase This can be done because mixing with solid carbon dioxide is not a necessary operation, since ammonium carbamate gives both impregnating agents, i.e. ammonia and carbon dioxide gas, which is not accompanied by significant sane- &; Lennem heat. Ammonium carbamate can be obtained economically by reaction of liquid anhydrous ammonium and solid carbon dioxide or liquid carbon dioxide. The use of a wetting agent when spraying impregnate promotes impregirovanie. In addition, tobacco can be partially dried to a moisture content of 5-9% by weight before impregnation in order to reduce the amount of water contained in the impregnated load, resulting in an improved ability of tobacco to absorb hydroxides ai-iMOHHH. Moisture content is considered equivalent to the amount of matter , volatilization when heated in a furnace (DU), since in addition to water from tobacco, no more than 0.9% of its weight volatilizes. The amount of substances that volatilize when heated can be determined by simply measuring the weight loss of tobacco in an air oven for 3 hours at 100 ° C. The use of a combination of ammonium hydroxide and solid carbon dioxide or an aqueous solution of ammonium carbamate makes it possible to solve the problems associated with the release of heat from the dissolution of ammonia in water, which is the case when dry or gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide are used as impregnants. for wet tobacco. Thus, in any modification of the continuous proposed method there is no need to use a separate cooling device and no need to use devices for creating a vacuum or pressure. Except that it is avoided. the occurrence of problems associated with heat generation, and as a result, simplify the existence of periodic processes, the proposed method is conveniently used as a continuous flow process in connection with the relatively short periods of time required for pre-treatment of tobacco before the increase in volume. The time required for the impregnation of ammonia and carbon dioxide is usually no more than a 3D min and it can be significantly reduced. In practice, a good increase in volume is reached 11p1I impregnation times of 20 minutes and mena before an increase in volume. The proposed method is simpler and faster than any batch process and as a result leads to savings in space, equipment and human costs. Thus, the process of increasing the volume of the tabgis, according to the invention, is a CO fight convenient convenient continuous flow method.
    In addition, the use of the proposed method reduces or completely eliminates the formation of hard-to-remove precipitates of ammonium salts on the equipment and / or large pieces of tobacco resulting from the production of ammonium salts in the tobacco mass, since ammonia and carbon dioxide react inside the tobacco using the proposed / south method . And in contrast to this, in batch processes, some of the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide can partially react in external spaces. (i.e., outside the tobacco mass), as a result of which the amount of reagents in the tobacco itself decreases. Since salt formation is minimized, this method can be continuously used with relatively rare equipment cleaning. In addition, since the mass of shredded tobacco contains only a minimal number of lumps, it can also be fed directly to the device to increase the volume from the impregnation zone. Material loss is significantly reduced by eliminating salt formation. Thus, the proposed method can be effectively used as a continuous in-line process, but it is also more economical than most batch processes.
    After the impregnation of the tobacco, conditions are created to increase its volume by exposing the tobacco to heat or the equivalent in order to remove ammonia and carbon dioxide from the tobacco. Volume increase conditions may include the use of hot surfaces or a stream of hot air, a mixture of gases and steam, or exposure to other sources of energy, such as microwave energy sources and infrared sources. It has been established that the use of a gas composition containing at least 50 wt.% Steam and, preferably, more than 80 wt.% Steam.
    gives especially satisfactory
    results. Traditional ways to increase the volume of impregnated tobacco are to place it in a heated gas flow, such as superheated steam, or to put tobacco in a turbulent air flow, for example, at a temperature of 150-2 ° C (100-370 ° C) for a time from 1 s to 10 min. Immerged tobacco can also be heated by applying a thin layer to a moving belt and exposing it to a source of IR radiation, keeping the cyclone-type dryer in the dryer, contacting the column with superheated steam or a mixture of steam and air, etc. At any of these stages contacting the temperature of the atmosphere with which the tobacco is in contact should not exceed 370 ° C and should preferably be in the range of 100-300 ° C, more preferably 150-2 ° C during the process at atmospheric pressure.
    As is well known in the processing of any organic matter, overheating can cause a deterioration in the first place of color, for example unwanted blackening and, finally, charring. The necessary and sufficient temperature and time of the latch to increase the volume, which is not accompanied by the specified shrinkage, is a function of the two specified variables, as well as the size of the tobacco particles. So, for example, in order to avoid undesirable deterioration in the heating stage, impregnated tobacco should not be exposed to elevated temperatures, for example, for more than 1-2 seconds.
    After impregnation and volume increase, tobacco is allowed to equilibrate, usually at 24 ° C and a relative humidity of 60%. After this equilibration, tobacco filler is obtained, which has an improved compassimetric filling ability and does not show signs of deterioration. Such increased-volume tobacco is very similar in chemical and physical properties to traditional increased-volume tobacco. The increase in the filling capacity of the tobacco according to the invention is at least as good as the currently used tobacco with an increased volume and can be in the range of 30-160% with a content of volatile components in the order of 12%. An increase to cylindrical volumes on the order of 70 CMV10 g or higher is achieved using a continuous impregnation-volume expansion method. Microscopic examination showed a good cellular increase in the volume and an increase in the size of the strips by 100% as compared to tobacco of an increased volume.
    PRI me R 1. Light tobacco (3.9 kg) was moistened with 475 ml of a 12.5% ammonium hydroxide solution. Spraying tobacco with this solution was carried out in a rotating drum for 40 seconds. After rotating for an additional 60 seconds, the ground solid carbon dioxide was added and the batch was stirred for another two minutes. Thus impregnated tobacco is exposed to steam heated to 260 ° C in an experimental tower. The impregnated tobacco remained in the experimental tower for 1 second to be treated with heated steam and then transferred to a cyclone separator for another 4 seconds. The resulting tobacco was equilibrated at 24 ° C and a relative humidity of 60% in order to keep 12% of the volatile components in the tobacco. After equilibration, the filling capacity was determined by measuring the volume in the cylinder, which increased by 73% with a volatile content of 11.5%. PRI mme R 2. 4.536 kg of tobacco strips were sprayed in a rotating drum for 1/2 min. 400 ml of concentrated ammonium hydroxide and stirred for 60 s. After spraying with a liquid, 900 g of solid carbon dioxide were mixed with OPE Scans tabgis in a rotating drum for 2 minutes. The tobacco mixture was then exposed to steam at 288 ° C in the experimental tower for 1 second and then processed in a cyclone separator for approximately 4 seconds. Then, the tobacco was equilibrated analogously to example 1. After equilibration, as determined according to the procedure of example 1, the filling capacity increased by 120% with a total content of volatile components of 11.5%. Froze 30.8 kg of crushed light tobacco, having a snstrn content of 12.5%, was placed into a closed tank, which is a conical vacuum vacuum drum, and impregnated by spraying 5.45 kg of 40% aqueous solution of schmonium hydroxide through a fine spray nozzle when tobacco was crushed. . The impregnation of tobacco with acmium hydroxide continued for 20 minutes. Then the rotation was stopped and 4.75 kg of powdered solid carbon dioxide was added. The tobacco was kept for another 10 minutes, during which the reaction between ammonium hydroxide and carbon dioxide was carried out. Impregnated tobacco contained 6.3 wt. % gshmiak and 6.8 weight. % carbon dioxide. Then the tank was emptied and the volume of impregnated tobacco was increased by feeding it at a constant rate equal to 0.453 g per minute into a stream of steam having a temperature. The steam flow rate was 4.6 m / s. After equilibrating vanilla at a relative humidity of 64 and, gross, the volume of tobacco of increased volume was 133% higher than before importing and increasing volume. PRI me R 4. 15.4 kg of crushed light tobacco having a moisture content of 12.0% was placed in a closed tank and impregnated with a spray of 2.8 kg 40% by weight of an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide, which was supplied through a fine spray nozzle, while rotating tobacco. The impregnation of tobacco with ammonium hydroxide leaked for 30 AIH. The rotation was stopped and 2.4 kg of solid carbon dioxide poroshora were added. The tank was rotated for 10 minutes to carry out the reaction between ammonium hydroxide and carbon dioxide. Impregnated tobacco contained 5.7 wt. % ammonia and 6.6 wt.% carbon dioxide. The tank was unloaded and an increase in the volume of tobacco was carried out by feeding it with a thin layer onto a continuously moving, from a conveyor passing under a high intensity IR heater. balancing at a relative humidity of 60% and 24 ° C, the gross volume of the increased tobacco volume was 85% higher than before the impregnation and volume increase. PRI m, e r 5. Shredded tobacco, having a moisture content of 12%, was injected with skorustyu. 108.7 kg / h using a measuring conveyor to a closed vibrating conveyor. In the course of this operation, an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide, having a concentration of 50% by weight, was sprayed with a skorusstyu 0.49 kg / min on a moving layer of tobacco from a fine grinding nozzle. Impregnated tobacco was fed from a vibrating conveyor to a closed moving conveyor passing through a turning drum, in which the tobacco was completely impregnated with a solution of ammonium hydroxide for 1 minute. Then there was an increase in the volume of impregnated tobacco as a result of its supply by a continuous stream into a high-speed turbulent steam flow at 260 ° C. The gross volume of tobacco processed in this way increased by 150% compared with untreated tobacco. By writing a picture, the proposed method will speed up the process of increasing the volume of tobacco with getting better results.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. THE METHOD OF INCREASING THE TOBACCO VOLUME, which provides for the processing of tobacco with ammonium hydroxide, carbon dioxide, heating and aging, differs in and with the fact that, in order to accelerate the process, the tobacco is first processed with ammonium hydroxide in the form of its concentrated solution for at least one. minutes, and then carbon dioxide by mixing tobacco with particles of solid carbon dioxide.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, with the fact that the amount of solid carbon dioxide required for mixing with tobacco is twice as large as the amount of ammonium hydroxide used for processing tobacco.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the treatment of tobacco with ammonium hydroxide is carried out until the content of ammonia in the tobacco is 2.5-10% by weight of the tobacco.
    [4]
    4. The method according to PP. 1iZ, characterized in that when processing with ammonium hydroxide, the tobacco is placed on a vibration conveyor.
    [5]
    5. The method according to η. 1, characterized in that the heating is carried out by the action of radiant energy.
    [6]
    6. The method of pop. 1,. characterized in that the heating is carried out under the influence of microwave energy.
    y m 00
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US4248252A|1981-02-03|
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    BR7903426A|1980-01-15|
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3214928A|1963-03-22|1965-11-02|Oberdorfer Karl|Method and apparatus for freezing food products|
    US3425425A|1967-01-04|1969-02-04|Philip Morris Inc|Method of puffing tobacco stems|
    US3771533A|1970-08-31|1973-11-13|Philip Morris Inc|Process for puffing tobacco|
    GB1331640A|1970-12-31|1973-09-26|Reynolds Tobacco Co R|Tobacco expansion process|DE3119330C2|1981-05-15|1983-06-01|H.F. & Ph.F. Reemtsma Gmbh & Co, 2000 Hamburg|Process for improving the filling capacity of tobacco|
    US4497330A|1982-07-06|1985-02-05|Philip Morris Incorporated|Process for increasing the filling power of tobacco|
    EP0123116B1|1983-04-21|1988-05-18|H.F. & Ph.F. Reemtsma GmbH & Co|Tobacco filling capacity process|
    US4574819A|1984-03-26|1986-03-11|Philip Morris Incorporated|Process for increasing the filling power of tobacco|
    US4677994A|1986-02-24|1987-07-07|Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation|Process for treating, drying and expanding tobacco|
    DE3661587D1|1986-04-23|1989-02-09|Reynolds Tobacco Gmbh|Process for treating tobacco and similar organic materials|
    US5018540A|1986-12-29|1991-05-28|Philip Morris Incorporated|Process for removal of basic materials|
    GR1002575B|1995-04-07|1997-02-06|Γεωργιος Γκιολβας|Apparatus for removing noxious substances from cigarets|
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    CN102068033B|2010-12-13|2012-10-10|云南中烟昆船瑞升科技有限公司|Method for utilizing microwave technology to produce pure-tobacco stem reconstituted tobacco leaves|
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    CN106108099B|2016-08-19|2018-03-02|云南中烟新材料科技有限公司|A kind of Microwave expansion tobacco stem comprehensive utilization process|
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    CN111436639A|2020-04-03|2020-07-24|四川中烟工业有限责任公司|Method for reducing tobacco content|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US05/912,029|US4248252A|1978-06-02|1978-06-02|Continuous process for expanding tobacco|
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